Dr. Clare W. Graves

Attaining New Concept Speed Rankings
Dr. Graves	Dr. Harvey (p. 55, 1966)
7 - 3 (Sign. > 4)	4 - 3
6 - 3	3 - 3
5 - 3 (Sign. > 4)	2 - 3
4 - 1 (Sign. < 5 - 7)	1 - 1 (Sign. < 2 - 3 - 4)

Denny Doodlebug Problem [1945] - placement in a new cosmology where one is required to change set in order to solve the specific problem - Rokeach - 1960
[Set = a readiness to respond in a particular way]

Doodlebug Time Rankings
Dr. Graves	Dr. Harvey (p. 55, 1966)
7 - 1 (Sign. faster than 4 - 5 - 6)	4 - 1 (fastest time)
6 - 3 ( Sign. slower than 7)	3 - like 2
5 - 2 (Sign. slower than 4 - 7)	2 - like 3
4 - 4 (Sign. slower than 5 - 7)	1 - 4 (slowest time)

Doodlebug Help Sought Rankings
Dr. Graves	Dr. Harvey (p. 54-56, 1966)
7 - 1 (Sign. less help sought than 4 - 5 - 6)	4 - 1 (Sign. less help sought than 1- 2 - 3)
6 - 3 ( Sign. more help sought than 7)	3 - 3
5 - 2 (Sign. more help sought than 7)	2 - 2
4 - 4 (Sign. more help sought than 7)	1 - 4

Subjects required to "act as if" and to argue against/contradict their own beliefs, to tolerate dissonance and to depart from the usual under private & public conditions.

Arguing Against Belief in Public and Private Rankings
Dr. Graves	Dr. Harvey (p. 54-56, 1966)
7 - 4 (Sign. > 4 - 5 - 6)	4 - 4 (Sign. > 1 - 2 - 3)
6 - 3 ( Sign. < 7)	3 -
5 - 2 (Sign. < 7)	2 -
4 - 2 (Sign. < 7)	1 -

Subjects required to "act as if" and to argue against/contradict their own beliefs, to tolerate dissonance and to depart from the usual under public conditions.

Arguing Against Belief in Public Rankings
Dr. Graves	Dr. Harvey (p. 54-56, 1966)
7 - 4	4 - 4
6 - 3	3 - 3 (Sign. > 1 - 2)
5 - 1	2 -
4 - 2	1 -

Subjects required to "act as if" and to argue against/contradict their own beliefs, to tolerate dissonance and to depart from the usual under private condition.

Arguing Against Belief in Private Rankings
Dr. Graves	Dr. Harvey (p. 54-56, 1966)
7 - 4	4 - 4
6 - 1	3 - 1 ( Sign. < 1 - 2 - 4)
5 - 3	2 -
4 - 2	1 -

To be creative, behavior must be novel, i.e., it must depart in varying degrees from the trite and normative; and it must be appropriate, i.e., anchored to the reality of the situation. Two different studies - key concepts = novel & appropriate - the same results) (1) a role playing study (Harvey, O. J., Wyer, R. S. & Hautaluoma, J. E. Some cognitive and affective determinants of differentiation and integration. Technical Report No. 8, Contract Nonr. 1147(07), University of Colorado, 1963) (2) a study on concept formation and attainment. (Felknor, C. & Harvey, O. J. Some cognitive determinants of concept formation and concept attainment. Technical Report No. 10, Contract Nonr. 1147(07), University of Colorado, 1964)

Creating Novelty Rankings
Dr. Graves	Dr. Harvey (p. 54-56, 1966)
7 - 4 (Sign. > 4 - 5 - 6)	4 - 4 (Sign. > 1 - 2 - 3)
6 - 3 ( Sign. < 7)	3 - 2
5 - 2 (Sign. < 7)	2 - 3
4 - 1 (Sign. < 7)	1 - 1

Studies conducted in which the subjects had to maintain their beliefs when confronted with opposing beliefs [deviant inputs]. (1st) - Harvey, O. J. Some cognitive determinants of influencibility. Sociometry, 1964, 27, 208-221, [system differences in dependency on external cues in judgments of a series of stimuli] (2nd)- Harvey, O. J. Some situational and cognitive determinants of dissonance resolution, J. Pers. Soc. Psychol., 1965, 1, 349-355.) [degrees of system openness or closedness in relation to alien inputs as seen in toleration of dissonance.]

Maintenance of Belief When Confronted with Deviant Input Rankings
Dr. Graves	Dr. Harvey (p. 59-60, 1966)
7 - 4 (Sign. > 4 - 5 - 6)	4 - 4
6 - 1 ( Sign. < 7)	3 - 1 (Sign. < 1 - 2 - 4)
5 - 2 (Sign. < 7)	2 - 2
4 - 3 (Sign. < 7)	1 - 3